Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises
when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind
the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.
These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other
parts of the body. There are a number of types of pancreatic cancer. The
most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 85% of
cases, and the term "pancreatic cancer" is sometimes used to refer
only to that type.]These adenocarcinoma start within the
part of the pancreas which makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of
cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinoma,
can also arise from these cells.[One to two percent of cases of
pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumours, which arise from the hormone-producing cells of
the pancreas. These are generally less aggressive than pancreatic
adenocarcinoma.
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Signs and symptoms:-
- · pancreatic cancer may include yellow skin
- · Abdominal or back pain
- · Unexplained weight loss
- · Light-coloured stools
- · Dark urine and loss of appetite
Age of
pancreatic cancer onset
Pancreatic cancer rarely occurs
before the age of 40, and more than half of cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
occur in those over 70.Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include tobacco
smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare genetic conditions. About
25% of cases are linked to smoking, and 5–10% are linked to inherited
genes. Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed by a combination
of medical imaging techniques such
as ultrasound or computed tomography, blood tests, and
examination of tissue samples (biopsy). The disease is divided into
stages, from early (stage I) to late (stage IV).Screening the
general population has not been found to be effective.
Risk Involve with Pancreatic Cancer
The risk of developing pancreatic
cancer is lower among non-smokers, and people who maintain a healthy weight and
limit their consumption of red or processed meat. A
smoker's chance of developing the disease decreases if they stop smoking, and
almost returns to that of the rest of the population after 20 years. Pancreatic
cancer can be treated with
surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative care, or a
combination of these. Treatment options are partly based on the cancer
stage. Surgery is the only treatment that can cure pancreatic
adenocarcinoma, and may also be done to improve quality of
life without the potential for cure. Pain management and
medications to improve digestion are sometimes needed. Early palliative care is
recommended even for those receiving treatment that aims for a cure.
In 2015, pancreatic cancers of
all types resulted in 411,600 deaths globally. Pancreatic cancer is the fifth
most common cause of death from cancer in the United Kingdom, and the fourth
most common in the United States. The disease occurs most often in the
developed world, where about 70% of the new cases in 2012
originated. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically has a very poor prognosis:
after diagnosis, 25% of people survive one year and 5% live for five years. For
cancers diagnosed early, the five-year survival rate rises to about
20%.Neuroendocrine cancers have better outcomes; at five years from
diagnosis, 65% of those diagnosed are living, though survival varies
considerably depending on the type of tumor.
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