Friday, May 25, 2018


Obesity, Weight, and Cancer Risk
Many factors cause people to become overweight or obese, including genetic, hormonal, environmental, emotional, and cultural factors. More than two-thirds of American adults are overweight and obese. This means that they have too much body fat compared to lean body tissue, such as muscle.
Ø Which cancers are affected?
·         Overweight or obese have a higher risk of many serious health conditions
·         Including type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Increased levels of insulin and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may help some cancers develop
·         Being overweight or obese is also associated with an increased risk of cancer.
·         Chronic, low-level inflammation, which is more common in people who are obese and is linked with an increased cancer risk
·         Higher amounts of estrogen produced by fat tissue, which can drive the development of some cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancers
·         Obesity now linked to 12 different cancers
 Image result for Obesity, Weight, and Cancer Risk
ü     The following factors can affect your cancer risk:
  • Gaining weight as an adult
  • Losing and regaining weight repeatedly
  • Fat cells may also effect processes that regulate cancer cell growth.
ü       Types of cancer linked to overweight or obesity
Being overweight or obese has been linked to some cancers:
v  Breast
v  Colorectal
v  Uterine
v  Kidney
v  Head and neck
v  Esophageal
v  Pancreatic
v  Endometrium (lining of the uterus)
v  Prostate
v  Gallbladder
v  Thyroid
 Ø People who are overweight or obese

ü              Measuring weight gain
A normal BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. A BMI between 25 and 29.5 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or higher is obese. In addition, people with larger waist measurements have a higher risk of various diseases, such as heart disease. A normal waist measurement is under 40 inches for men and under 35 inches for women.
ü  Weight manage tips
v  Eat more vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and whole grains. Some types of food, such as broth-based soups, also help a person feel "full" faster.
v  Limit foods and beverages that are high in sugar, such as juice and soda.
v  Eat and drink only as many calories as you need to maintain a healthy weight and support your level of physical activity.
v  Aim for 30 to 60 minutes per day of moderate to intense physical activity on most days. But even a small increase in physical activity has benefits.
v  A change in lifestyle behaviors.
v  A change in lifestyle behaviors.
v  Behavior change support
v  Medications.
v  Surgery

Note:-A healthy body weight is important for children as well as adults

ü  One in five children are overweight or obese before they begin primary school, and one in three children are overweight or obese by the time they leave.
ü  One of every five youngsters are overweight or fat before they start grade school, and one of every three kids are overweight or stout when they clear out.
ü  Obese kids will probably develop into stout grown-ups, and hefty grown-ups are more in danger of disease. It is conceivable overweight kids might be at expanded danger of cancer as grown-ups, paying little heed to what they grow up to weigh, however the proof isn't clear.
ü  By encouraging your kids to lead a sound way of life, you can enable them to keep a well body weight as a kid and also later on throughout everyday life.

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Friday, May 18, 2018


Cancer Its Anatomy Understanding a disease and its effects on millions
  • What is cancer?

Cancer creates when the body's typical control instrument quits working. Old cells don't bite the dust and cells become wild, shaping new, strange cells. These additional cells may frame a mass of tissue, called a tumor. A few malignancies, for example, leukaemia, don't frame tumors.
  • There are five main categories of cancer:

·         Carcinomas begin in the skin or tissues that line the internal organs.
·         Sarcomas develop in the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle or other connective tissues.
·         Leukaemia begins in the blood and bone marrow.
·         Lymphomas start in the immune system.
·         Central nervous system cancers develop in the brain and spinal cord.
Cancer can occur anywhere in the body. In women, breast cancer is most common. In men, it’s prostate cancerLung cancer and colorectal cancer affect both men and women in high numbers.

Image result for Anatomy of Cancer: Understanding a disease that affects millions
  • How is cancer treated?

A similar tumor compose—regardless of whether it's liver disease, stomach malignancy or kidney growth—in one individual is altogether different from that disease in another person. Actually, growth isn't one sickness yet several unique sorts of illnesses. Inside a solitary sort of disease, for example, bosom tumor, specialists are finding subtypes that each requires an alternate treatment approach.Treatment options depend on the type of cancer, its stage, if the cancer has spread and your general health.
The three main treatments are
  • Surgery: directly removing the tumor
  • Chemotherapy: using chemicals to kill cancer cells
  • Radiation therapy: using X-rays to kill cancer cells


The objective of treatment is to execute the same number of malignant cells while limiting harm to ordinary cells adjacent. Advances in innovation make this conceivable. For instance, intraoperative radiation treatment (IORT) conveys a concentrated dosage of radiation to a tumour site instantly after medical procedure. Healthy tissues and organs are protected amid treatment, which takes into account higher measurements of radiation.
In recent years, doctors have been able to offer treatment options based on the genetic changes occurring in specific tumors. An innovative new diagnostic tool, the genomic tumour assessment, examines a patient’s tumor genetically to help identify mechanisms that may be responsible for the cancer's growth. Genomic tumor assessment can result in a more personalized approach to cancer treatment.

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Thursday, May 10, 2018


                     Junk food and Risk of Cancer


There has been a considerable measure of talk about the worst impacts of eating fast food. It has been by and large connected to a considerable measure of well being conditions like stoutness, hypertension, hyper-cholesterol and substantially more. Be that as it may, there have been restricted investigations to discover the connection between fast food and cancer. The greater part of the Oncology specialists are likewise uncertain about the fast food and tumour connection. Concentrates likewise mirror that eating fast food may be one of the hazard factors for causing tumor; notwithstanding, it can't be the main motivation behind why disease happens.


  • How Does Cancer Happen?


Ø  Cancer occurs on a hereditary level and quick nourishments can't cause it specifically.

Ø  Certain elements of quick nourishment's that are added to influence them to look and taste all the more engaging can go about as cancer-causing agents activating hereditary transformations and in a roundabout way adding to disease.

Ø  Fast food likewise causes therapeutic conditions like heftiness, weight pick up and age of oxygen free radicals in vast sums, which can incline a person towards the improvement of disease.

  • Reasons behind Fast Food and Cancer


Ø  Due to more salt, sugar and fat contents in fast food which give bad impact on the body

Ø  Use of Nitrates for coloring and preservatives agents in fast food one of the main reason for causing cancer .Nitrates get converted into N-nitroso compounds which are connected for increasing the risk of cancer.

Ø  Meats and nuts contains tar which is a product of Smoke using as a smoky flavours also known as Carcinogen  is the another way of developing cancer.

Ø  Refined flours which is first treated with chlorine is a dangerous agent not safe to inhale.
Example:-White flour contains very high glycemic rate which increase the glycemic rate and blood sugar level and insulin levels further will be the reason of Diabetes and then get converted into Cancer finally

  • Junk food diet linked to cancer in women$ men






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Friday, May 4, 2018


                                                                            Brain Tumour

A cerebrum tumour is a mass or development of strange cells in your mind. A wide range of kinds of cerebrum tumours exist. Some mind tumours are noncancerous (considerate), and some cerebrum tumours are destructive (harmful). Cerebrum tumours can start in your mind (essential cerebrum tumours), or malignancy can start in different parts of your body and spread to your cerebrum (optional, or metastatic, mind tumours).How quickly a brain tumour grows can vary greatly. The growth rate as well as location of a brain tumour determines how it will affect the function of your nervous system.Brain tumour treatment options depend on the type of brain tumour you have, as well as its size and location.



v Types:-

  • Acoustic neuroma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Brain metastases
  • Choroid plexus carcinoma
  • Craniopharyngioma
  • Embryonal tumours
  • Ependymoma
  • Glioblastoma
  • Glioma
  • Medulloblastoma
  • Meningioma
  • Oligodendroglioma
  • Pediatric brain tumours
  • Pineoblastoma
  • Pituitary tumours

vSymptoms:-

The signs and symptoms of a brain tumour vary greatly and depend on the brain tumour’s size, location and rate of growth.

General signs and symptoms caused by brain tumours may include:

  • New onset or change in pattern of headaches
  • Headaches that gradually become more frequent and more severe
  • Unexplained nausea or vomiting
  • Vision problems, such as blurred vision, double vision or loss of peripheral vision
  • Gradual loss of sensation or movement in an arm or a leg
  • Difficulty with balance
  • Speech difficulties
  • Confusion in everyday matters
  • Personality or behaviour changes
  • Seizures, especially in someone who doesn't have a history of seizures
  • Hearing problems

v Causes

              Brain tumours that begin in the brain
  • Primary cerebrum tumours start in the mind itself or in tissues near it, for example, in the mind covering films (meninges), cranial nerves, pituitary organ or pineal organ.
  •  Primary brain tumours begin when normal cells acquire errors (mutations) in their DNA. These mutations allow cells to grow and divide at increased rates and to continue living when healthy cells would die. The result is a mass of abnormal cells, which forms a tumour.
  • Primary brain tumours are much less common than are secondary brain tumours, in  which cancer begins elsewhere and spreads to the brain.


v Many different types of primary brain tumours exist.

Ø  Gliomas. These tumours begin in the brain or spinal cord and include astrocytomas, ependymomas, glioblastomas, oligoastrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Ø  Meningiomas. A meningioma is a tumour that arises from the membranes that surround your brain and spinal cord (meninges). Most meningiomas are noncancerous.

Ø  Acoustic neuromas (schwannomas). These are benign tumours that develop on the nerves that control balance and hearing leading from your inner ear to your brain.

Ø  Pituitary adenomas. These are mostly benign tumours that develop in the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. These tumours can affect the pituitary hormones with effects throughout the body.

Ø  Medulloblastomas. These are the most common cancerous brain tumours in children. A medulloblastoma starts in the lower back part of the brain and tends to spread through the spinal fluid. These tumours are less common in adults, but they do occur.

Ø  Germ cell tumours. Germ cell tumours may develop during childhood where the testicles or ovaries will form. But sometimes germ cell tumours affect other parts of the body, such as the brain.

Ø  Craniopharyngiomas. These rare, noncancerous tumours start near the brain's pituitary gland, which secretes hormones that control many body functions. As the craniopharyngioma slowly grows, it can affect the pituitary gland and other structures near the brain.



v Risk factors

·      Exposures to radiation have an increased risk of brain tumour. Example:-Ionizing radiation includes radiation therapy used to treat cancer and radiation exposure caused by atomic bombs.

·   Family history of brain tumours of genetic syndromes that increase the risk of brain tumours.


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