Wednesday, August 29, 2018

Skin Cancer

                       


It is a standout amongst the most widely recognized sort of a tumour. With early discovery and treatment, skin growth is exceptionally reparable. The most well-known cautioning indications of a skin tumour incorporate changes in size, shape, or shade of a mole or other skin sore or the presence of another development on the skin. Reasonable cleaned individuals are especially defenceless to growing most types of skin disease since they create less melanin. Melanin, the defensive colour in the external layer of skin (epidermis), shields the skin from bright (UV) light. Nonetheless, skin tumour likewise can create in dim cleaned individuals and in individuals whose skin has not had noteworthy sun introduction. Skin growths may likewise create a long time after x-beam treatment or presentation to substances that reason malignancy (for instance, ingestion of arsenic).     

                                                                 
The three main types of skin cancer are
·         Basal cell carcinoma
·         Squamous cell carcinoma
·         Melanoma
Less common types of skin cancer are
·         Paget disease of the nipple or extramammary Paget (usually near the anus).
·         Kaposi sarcoma
·         Merkel cell carcinoma
·         Atypical fibroxanthomas

Symptoms
Most skin cancers are curable, especially when treated at an early stage. At first, skin cancers do not cause any symptoms.
·         Basal-cell skin cancer (BCC) usually presents as a raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin of the head, neck or shoulders. Sometimes small blood vessels can be seen within a tumour.
·         Squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) is commonly a red, scaling, thickened patch on the sun-exposed skin. Some are firm hard nodules and dome-shaped like keratoacanthomas.  Ulceration and bleeding may occur.
·         Most melanomas consist of various colours from shades of brown to black. A small number of melanoma are pink, red or fleshy in colour; these are called amelanotic melanoma and tend to be more aggressive.
             

Causes
·         Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the primary environmental cause of skin cancer.
·         Smoking tobacco.
·         HPV infections increase the risk of squamous-cell skin cancer
·         Some genetic syndromes.
·         Chronic non-healing wounds.
·         Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, environmental carcinogens, 
Diagnosis
Non-invasive skin cancer detection methods include photography, dermoscopy, sonography, confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, the multispectral imaging technique, thermography, electrical bio-impedance, tape stripping and computer-aided analysis.
Treatment
Larger or more invasive cancer may require removal of a significant amount of skin, which may have to be replaced with a skin graft or a skin flap.
·         With a skin graft, a piece of skin is removed from another area of the person's body, typically where the skin is loose. The piece of skin is sewn onto the area where the cancer was removed.
·         With a skin flap, doctors transfer skin from an adjacent area to replace the area where the cancer was removed. With a flap, but not with a graft, the transferred skin is not cut completely free, so it still has its own blood supply. Also, a flap is usually thicker than a graft. Other treatment methods include,

Topical medications, destruction by electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC), surgical excision, radiation therapy, Mohs micrographic surgery.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Cancer Immunotherapy

                                                  Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses certain parts of a man's invulnerable fra...